Q 1. How do you define Cloud Computing?
Ans: Cloud Computing enables the operation and access of IT devices such as databases, servers, and apps via the Internet, i.e., the Cloud. Here, users can avail of storage as per their needs and requirements. Basically, through Cloud Computing, users do not have to handle the physical resources at their places, which ultimately reduces the maintenance charges. Now, coming to the cost part, end users must pay for the storage they have used. Despite their size and type, organizations use the Cloud for various use cases, such as disaster recovery, data backups, software development, testing, and more.
Q.2. What is AWS? What is its integral part?
Ans: AWS stands for “Amazon Web Services,” a platform that offers database storage, secure cloud services, and plenty more to help businesses grow. In other words, it is a collection of remote computing services that facilitates infrastructure services, globally known as Cloud Computing.
Significant parts of AWS are shared below:
- Route 53
- Elastic Block Store (EBS),
- Cloud Watch
- Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)
- Simple Storage Device (S3)
- Simple Email Service, etc.
Q 3. List the prime critical components of AWS.
Ans: The prime key components of AWS are listed below:
- Route 53: Route 53 is a cloud Domain Name System (DNS) that is primly used to connect user requests to Internet applications.
- Simple Storage Device or (S3): Simple Storage Device is the most used AWS service storage device.
- Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2): Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is another important component of AWS that provides users with on-demand computing resources for application hosting. In the case of unpredictable workloads, Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) comes in handy.
- Simple Email Service: Simple Email Service AWS service is used to send email using a RESTFUL API call. Furthermore, emails can also be sent with the help of regular SMTP.
- Identity and Access Management: Identity and Access Management is a full AWS service that efficiently offers you high security and identity management system for your AWS account.
- Elastic Block Store (EBS): AWS offers EBS, i.e., Elastic Block Store, a cloud-based storage system, to store data for extended periods. Through Elastic Block Store, any AWS user can keep their data for longer after the EC2 shut-down.
- Cloud Watch: Cloud Watch is another reliable and best monitoring service offered by Amazon Web Services. With Cloud Watch, AWS account users can set the alarm in an emergency.
Q.4. List the top product categories of Amazon Web Services(AWS).
- Networking and Content Delivery
- Machine Learning
- Storage
- Compute
- Database
- Mobile
- Developer tool
- IoT
- Enterprise application
- Security
- Compliance
- Identity
- Analytics
Q.5.What is AMI in Amazon Web Services?
Ans: AMI stands for “Amazon Machine Image,” a fantastic template that offers information about the OS, server, etc. AMI is an excellent product through which users can create Virtual Machines/servers under Amazon EC2 instance.
Q.6. Explain the link between AMI and Instance in short.
Ans: AMI, i.e., Amazon Machine Image, is a template that provides information about OS and application; in short, AMI is a comprehensive backup of an instance. An instance is a virtual machine with specific specifications and an operating system that you designate while developing it.
Additionally, a single AMI AWS account holder can launch various instances. Each instance, in this case, offers a distinct volume of memory and computer functionality. Besides that, when an AWS account user dispatches an Instance, it appears as a conventional server, enabling them to interact with it as they could with any other device.
Q.7. Can the Amazon instance be vertically scaled?
Ans: Amazon instance can be vertically scaled. To know how to check the below-shared points:
- Users need to spin up a new, more prominent example than the current one.
- Stop the live model and detach its root volume from the server.
- Take note of the unique device ID and connect that root volume to your new server.
- Start it again
Q.8. Give the number of buckets developed in AWS.
Ans: AWS account holders can create approximately 100 buckets within each of their AWS accounts.
Q.9. Brief Data Lake?
Ans: Data lakes are a type of cloud storage designed to store large amounts of data and can be accessed by any application. Data lakes contain various data types, such as photos, videos, and files, which can be stored on your computer or an external drive. Data lakes are famous for storing large amounts of data because they are easy to access and can hold multiple file types at the same time. They also allow sharing files between devices to be viewed across different computers or devices.
Q.10: Why one should use Data Lake. Explain its benefit.
Ans: Data Lake is an affordable and reliable alternative to terabytes of on-premises storage that provide a low-cost, high-quality solution for storing and processing large amounts of data. Data lakes enable businesses to:
- Handle and control vast amounts of data and store it in a highly secure manner.
- Protects your crucial assets from theft/ damage.
- Manage your business’s finances with control over its spending power.
Q.11: What is Serverless Computing?
Ans: Serverless computing can be an essential part of a server setup that doesn’t require a lot of additional equipment. It allows you to have more resources on your server without increasing the amount of hardware in use. One of the benefits of using serverless computing is that it can save you money by not having to buy additional servers or equipment. Serverless computing is practical when setting up a new server because it can help you with everything from installing software and configuration files to running maintenance tasks. You can also use it for monitoring and troubleshooting purposes and for managing services and resources on your system.
Q. 12 Which are the best security methodologies for Amazon EC2?
Ans: For secure Amazon EC2 best methodologies, Check out the guidelines provided below:
- Limit access to your instance by permitting only trusted hosts to connect.
- Review the rules in your security groups on a regular schedule.
- Only empower you to require permissions.
- Disable password-based login
Q.13. List the issues one can face while connecting to Instances.
Ans: A list of all the connection failures is shared below:
- Linkage break-down
- The host key could not be located, and permission has been rejected.
- There are no supported authentication solutions available.
- Glitch when connecting to the Mac OS X RDP Client
Q.14. What are Key-pairs in AWS?
Ans: Key pairs are protected login credentials for your virtual machines, through which AWS users can frequently use key pairs to connect to instances. A critical team is comprised of both a public key and a private key, and it is used in asymmetric encryption. They can be used to log in to a server despite any password. AWS Key-pairs are something like authentication items provided by AWS.
Q.15. Define Amazon EC2 Autoscaling in detail.
Ans. EC2 Auto Scaling is a feature in Amazon EC2 that automatically scales your instance when you create it. This allows you to run cases on a scale that is not available with manual scaling. Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling can be used to adjust instances’ CPU and memory requirements and their virtual machine settings. It can also adapt instance lifecycles (i.e., how they are created and modified) to fit into a given schedule. EC2 Auto scaling works by determining the maximum instance size you want EC2 Auto scaling to apply, then adjusting the instance size based on this threshold amount of instance size reduction. You can achieve this goal by changing the instance size of an existing instance or creating a new one from scratch using the create-instance command line parameter or through an AWS CLI command.
Q.16. What is Fleet management in Amazon EC2 Autoscaling?
Ans. Fleet management manages many autonomous fleet vehicles (RFCs) in a coordinated fashion to ensure that they operate by applicable regulations and standards. It involves the coordination and cooperation of multiple government agencies, industry partners, and other stakeholders to ensure that the proper enforcement of regulatory requirements is being enacted. Here are some examples of how to use fleet management in Amazon EC2 Autoscaling:
- Ensure that all fleet vehicles are up-to-date on their maintenance records by tracking them through an automated system. This can help you track down issues quickly if they arise.
- Ensure that all associated equipment is up-to-date on its records by maintaining access lists for each vehicle type and ensuring that all relevant documents are available for review at any time. This data can help you keep track of issues before they become an issue or help you identify areas where more work needs to be done before they become a problem.
Q.17. What are the other different kinds of instances?
Ans: Following are some different kinds of instances:
- General utilization
- Computer Development
- Memory Optimization
- Storage enhancement
- Increased Computing
Q.18: What is VPC in Amazon Web Services?
Ans: VPC stands for Virtual Private Cloud, allowing users to customize their network configuration easily. Virtual Private Cloud is a connectivity that is rationally isolated from another network. Internet Protocol (IP) address ranges, Gateways, Subnets, and many more things can be done and configured by AWS users.
Q.19. How to send a request to Amazon S3?
Ans: Amazon S3 is a data storage service widely utilized to keep data. AWS users can make the request using many methods, either REST API or AWS SDK.
Q.20. What is Snowball?
Ans: Snowball is an AWS service that allows you to store and manage multiple Amazon S3 buckets in one place. This feature allows you to store and retrieve files in various Amazon S3 buckets without adding each bucket’s contents to your S3 storage account separately. This feature helps store files that are large in size but small in file size, such as images or video clips.
Snowball enables you to store and retrieve files on an Amazon S3 bucket using a variety of methods, including:
- Uploading files from your computer or local drive using the Upload button
- Downloading files from the Internet using the Download button;
- Filing documents with a document viewer like Microsoft Office Project or Google Docs
- Saving data with any file manager like Nero or FileZilla
- Data importation from other sources, such as databases or spreadsheets (email attachments);
- Delete data with any file deletion tool like Disk defragmenter or WinRAR (using R).
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Q.21: List the dissimilarities b/w NAT Gateways and NAT Instances.
Ans: Below are some dissimilarities b/w NAT Gateways and NAT Instances:
Functions
NAT Gateways
NAT Instances
Availability
It is high
It is high
Bandwidth
Up to 45Gbps
depends upon instances bandwidth
Maintenance
By AWS
By users
Performance
good
average
Cost
Gateways, Time-period, Volume of usage.
Gateways, Time-period, Volume & type of usage.
Size and Load
Uniform
Can be changed
Security Groups
Not possible
Possible
Q.22. List out all the various kinds of EC2 instances.
Ans: There are three types of EC2 Instances i.e.
- On-demand Instance
- Spot Instance
- Reserved Instance
Q.23. How to grant a user access to a specified bucket?
And: If you are determined to grant a user access to a particular bucket, go through the steps outlined below.
- Categorize instances.
- Define how authorized users would manage particular servers.
- Lockdown tags
- Attach all the policies to IAM users.
Q.24. Define RTO and RPO in AWS.
Ans: The two most essential parameters in the case of disaster recovery, data backup, and business continuity planning are RTO (Recovery Time Objective) and RPO (Recovery Point Objective).
RTO stands for Recovery Time Objective, which refers to the maximum length of time a business or organization is willing to wait for disaster recovery to be completed.
RPO is an abbreviation for Recovery Point Objective. A Recovery Point Objective (RPO) describes the most information or data a company is prepared to lose during a catastrophe/natural disaster.
Q.25. What are all the various kinds of cloud services? List them out.
Ans: all the various kinds of cloud services:
- Software as a Service (SaaS),
- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
- Data as a Service (DaaS)
- Platform as a Service (PaaS)
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Q.26. Include all of the most essential Amazon cloud search functionality.
Ans: The most critical Amazon cloud search functionality
- Boolean searches
- Entire text searches
- AutoComplete suggestions
- Prefix
Q.27. What are the various layers of Cloud Architecture? List them all
Ans: Go through the below-listed points to know all the different layers of cloud architecture:
- Cloud controller
- Node Controller
- Range searches
- Cluster controller
- Storage Controller
Q.28. Enlist some DB engines which can be used in AWS RDS
Ans: Some of the essential DB engines used in AWS RDS are labeled below:
- MS-SQL DB
- OracleDB
- PostgreDB
- MariaDB
- MYSQL DB
Q.29. What are some of the most critical Storage Classes listed in Amazon S3?
Ans: Some of the most critical Storage Classes listed in Amazon S3 are:
- Amazon Glacier
- Amazon S3 Standard
- Amazon S3 Standard-Infrequent Access
- Amazon S3 Reduced Redundancy Storage
Q.30. What is the possible number of Subnets per VPC?
Ans: AWS users can have 200 Subnets per VPC.
Q.31. What is Connection Draining in Amazon Web Services?
Ans: Connection Draining can be defined as an AWS option that enables servers about to be modified or omitted to continue supporting current requests.
If Connection Draining is activated, the Load Balancer will enable an outgoing instance to accomplish its current requests. Still, it will only send new submissions to it for a defined time. In the absence of the connection draining, an outgoing instance will get revoked, and any pending requests on that instance will underperform.
Q.32. Explain the Power User Access (PUS) in AWS.
Ans: Power User Access (PUA) is an AWS resource that allows developers to easily access resources in their AWS account.
A PUA is a resource that provides access to services and resources in the Cloud and can be used to manage resources on your server. A PUA can be created or modified in your AWS account settings. You can create or change a PUA in either the Developer Console or the Operations Console. The Developer console offers information about creating, editing, and deleting PUAs and setting up permissions for PUAs in your account. The Operations console provides information about managing PUAs and setting up permissions for PUAs in your account.
Q.33. Elaborate on the Instance Store Volume and an EBS Volume. State relation?
Ans: Instance Store Volume and EBS volumes are used to store files, such as image files, on servers not part of the instance store. Both are encrypted using a key stored in the directory structure for the volume or EBS volume. Let’s know more about Instance Store Volume and EBS Volume:
Instance Store Volume: An Instance Store Volume is the amount of data stored on a server instance. An instance store contains one or more examples of a server with volumes and EBS file systems (collecting data). An Instance Store can be located anywhere in a Data Center where end users demand services. The instances can be physical machines, or virtual machines created using various technologies such as VPCs (Virtual Private Cloud), VMs (Virtual Machines), PVs (Private Virtual Servers), and CVS (Commit-By-Valet) or by command line arguments.
Furthermore, if the instance is turned off, then the Instance Store Volumes get eliminated, and ultimately the data gets vanished/deleted.
EBS Volume: An EBS Volume is an encrypted data storage space that stores files and other data on servers, not part of the instance store. Compared to ISV, i.e., Instance Store Volume, EBS Volume’s data is available even after the instance is turned off.
Q.34. Briefly describe how an AWS user can upload data of more than hundred (100) Mb in Amazon S3.
Ans: The Multipart Upload Utility from AWS can be used mainly to upload files that are greater than 100 Megabytes. Additionally, users can reduce the upload time by uploading different parts of the file in parallel. Post, uploading all the details of the file, all the pieces get fused to become the original single file.
Q.35. What is geo-targeting in CloudFront?
Ans: Geotargeting is the use of websites to display relevant content to your target audience. It’s a type of targeted advertising via which you can transport/transmit content or data to respective clients/customers as per their Geo-location. Geo-targeting can be used in CloudFront if you want to target visitors based on their location. You can use this feature for blog posts and websites because it helps you create better content for each environment.
Q.36. How can VPC be protected using AWS Network Firewall? Give reasons.
Ans: The AWS Network Firewall protects your VPCs from malicious traffic by preventing connections to untrusted websites from entering your VPC. By default, the AWS Network Firewall restricts all traffic to HTTPS for all EC2 instances and all HTTP for any other examples. You can limit these ports in your security policy if you want. For more information about how to do that, see the EC2 and Amazon S3 Security Guides.
Q.37. What is EC2? Explain in details
Ans: EC2 is Amazon’s cloud computing platform, which allows you to create and manage virtual machines on its servers. It provides a low-cost, scalable, and data-driven way of running computer tasks that are not available in the traditional cloud services offered by Amazon Web Services (AWS). EC2 is designed for use with Amazon Web Services to provide a low-cost, scalable, and data-driven way of running computer tasks that are not available in the traditional cloud services offered by AWS and can be dedicatedly used to run virtual machines on Amazon EC3 or your hardware (Device/Computer/Laptop).
EC2 supports a wide range of machine types, including single CPUs, dual CPUs, multiprocessors (CPUs), GPUs, microprocessors (MPs), threads (TSPs), cores (CPs), or Xeon E3 v5 processors with up to 30 CPU cores per physical node. It supports multiple data centers using a flexible connectivity fabric across all the data centers so that you can scale your environment up or down as needed without affecting availability across all data centers.
Q.38. Is it possible to upgrade or downgrade a system? If yes, what are the steps that can be used?
Ans: Yes, it is possible to upgrade or downgrade a system. The steps to perform the same have been outlined below, kindly go through all the points to clear the concept:
- First of all, you must open the EC2 console
- Then, pick an Operating System AMI
- Then discharge (Launch) an instance having a new instance type
- Now, install all the updates showing
- Now, Install apps
- Examine, whether the instance is working or not
- In case it’s working, deploy the new instance
- Replace the older instance
- After the deployment, the system can be upgraded or downgraded.
Q.39. What other tools can be used to log into the cloud environment? List them all.
Ans: A list of all the other tools that can be used to log into the cloud environment are:
- Amazon Web Services (AWS) CLI for Linux
- Amazon Web Services (AWS) CLI for Windows
- Amazon Web Services (AWS) CLI
- Amazon Web Services (AWS) SDK
- Eclipse
Q.40. What is a DDoS attack? How to eliminate it?
Ans: A DDoS attack is a type of network attack that causes a website to become slower or otherwise unavailable, often for some time. A DDoS attack can be accomplished by an attacker using one or more malicious software (sensors, load balancers, and so on) to listen to websites’ communication channels and then use this information to determine which websites are vulnerable and which are not. A DDoS attack can also be launched on specific domains to force websites to update their content or services.
Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) DDoS can be mitigated by utilizing:
- Amazon Web Services Shield
- Amazon Web Services (AWS) WAF
- Amazon Route53
- Amazon CloudFront
- Elastic Load Balancing (ELB)
- Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)
Q.41. What are the essential techniques that can be used to take backup of EFS like EBS?
Ans: An Amazon Web Services (AWS) account holder can rebuild from unintended changes to unwanted changes or deletions in Amazon EFS by using an EFS-to-EFS backup solution. The essential techniques that can be used to take backup of EFS like EBS are shared below:
- Sign in to the AWS Management Console.
- Now tap on the launch EFS-to-EFS-restore button.
- Choose a region from the region selector.
- Now, users need to verify whether they have opted for the suitable template on the Select Template page or not
- Now, select a name for the solution stack.
- In the end, verify the metrics for the template, and if needed, can edit them.
Q.42. List the different types of load balancers in AWS.
Ans: There are three types of load balancers that are supported by Elastic Load Balancing:
- Application Load Balancer;
- Network Load Balancer; and
- Classic Load Balancer.
Q.43. Write down the difference between a Domain and a Hosted Zone.
Ans: A Domain is a name you use to identify a specific website or server. A Hosted Zone is an online property created and maintained by the same company as the actual website.
A domain helps manage multiple websites, whereas a hosted zone allows you to control the same website repeatedly. A domain name can also be used to register a business so that it can be written on your site.
Q.44. What are the advantages of auto-scaling?
Ans: The advantages of auto-scaling are:
- Auto-scaling provides fault tolerance
- Auto-scaling facilitates you with Better availability
- It is a cost-effective management
Q.45. What is SQS in Amazon Web services? Discuss in Detail.
Ans: SQS is a service that allows you to send and receive messages between Amazon Web Services (AWS) and your servers using an open socket. The SQS protocol was developed by Amazon to provide a way for customers to send and receive data between their AWS servers and client applications. Amazon SQS provides an easy way for developers to create services that take advantage of the SQS protocol. It also makes it easy for administrators to set up SQS services in their AWS accounts to send, receive, or update data on servers in the Cloud.
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Here are some of the best-ever examples of how an Amazon Web Service (AWS) user might utilize SQs in their apps:
- Sending customer emails with new products available on Amazon’s website
- Sending customer orders with updates
- Sending customer status reports
- Sending customer status updates
- Sending business rules files such as email templates or API calls
- Sending product images via image uploads
- Creating custom forms using JSON
- Creating custom forms using JSON
- Adding user authentication
- Adding user information
- creating events
- sending alerts
- creating lists
- adding attachments
- creating attachments
- sending attachments
- creating attachments
- sending attachment
- sending a text message
Q.46. What is the purpose of tags in Amazon Lightsail? Explain.
Ans: The Amazon Lightsail product line includes various innovative home products designed to connect with the Amazon Echo and Alexa devices used by customers. The products have Wink hub controllers, Nest Learning Thermostats, and SmartThings Hubs. Amazon tags allow users to provide information about items in the Amazon Lightsail catalog relevant to an inquiry. For example, you can add a product’s description or price in order to help users understand what they are buying. You can also add tags for different types of information, such as product reviews or customer service inquiries.
Tags are automatically added to any requests for details from customers who make inquiries using the Tags feature on the Catalog page of the Lightsails website. Tags allow users to provide context about a product viewed by other shoppers on Amazon’s website or through search engine results pages (SERPs). They can be used online and over email when requesting information from customers who buy products on Amazon’s website.
Q.47. Describe the Lifecycle hooks in Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling with a good example.
Ans: Lifecycle hooks are used in Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling to ensure that the app runs in a state that is consistent with all of your other settings. Lifecycle hooks can ensure that the auto-scaling operation runs in a form compatible with your locations.
The following are some examples of how you can use lifecycle hooks to ensure that the app runs in a consistently consistent state:
You can set up an auto-scaling profile that sets various parameters for the scale operation. You can also set up triggers and conditions for executing the process based on specific parameters.
For example, you can define user-defined lifecycle hooks as part of your EC2 configuration file or as part of an existing configuration file (for example, via Configuration Manager). These hooks will be executed when certain conditions are met within the application code files (for example, when resources reach their maximum usage).
Q.48. What is AWS Lambda?
Ans: AWS Lambda is an open-source programming language that runs web apps on Amazon Web Services (AWS). It was developed by Amazon Web Services in partnership with the Foundation for Open Source Software. AWS Lambda can be used to run web apps on AWS that are not hosted on your server. It can run applications in any AWS region, such as the US, UK, and China.
It can also run mobile apps not hosted or managed by your app team. The Lambda function in AWS Lambda allows you to trigger scripts from a URL and execute them when an event occurs (such as a request being fulfilled or a response being generated). The function also supports submitting requests and responses using HTTP POST or POSTROUTING. You can use the Function Reference guide for more details about how to use Lambda functions in Amazon Web Services.
Q.49: What is SimpleDB?
Ans: SimpleDB is a database engine for web servers that uses the Simple Queue Service (SQS) protocol to keep track of your data. It supports JSON, XML, and YAML files as well as plaintext files. SimpleDB is a good choice for databases with limited storage or processing capacity. It supports a wide range of file formats, including JSON and XML, YAML and plaintext files, and JSON-RPC calls. It also supports binary data without needing binary storage or processing to be read by other applications.
Q.50. What is meant by a subnet in AWS?
Ans: A subnet is an AWS secret that identifies the physical addresses of a virtual network. It is used to safeguard AWS resources against external threats.
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