We are living in a period where we remain online most of the time. That’s why; day by day the demand for new software as well as apps is also increasing. But, the new development of software or app also requires a quality control mechanism to ensure their performance.
Here we are discussing some important manual testing interview questions and answers helpful in boosting the inner confidence of applicants who are willing to give an interview. With these questions and answers, you can upgrade yourself by learning what are the latest things going on in the industry. All these software testing interview questions and answers are provided by industry-leading professionals.
Let’s begin!
Manual Testing Interview Questions For Freshers
1. How will you define Exploratory Testing?
Exploratory testing is defined as an approach that requires minimal planning and maximum execution. Both test execution and test design go parallel without doing documentation of test conditions, test scripts, or test cases formally.
2. Define the difference between Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC)
Talking about the SDLC deals with the coding or development of software. On the other hand, STLC is about the verification and validation of software.
3. Equivalence partitioning testing – What is it?
The equivalence partitioning test is one of the software testing methods used for dividing the application input test data into various partitions. With the help of this method, it is possible for minimizing the time needed for software testing.
4. When you can perform Regression testing?
Regression testing is usually performed once changes are done in software or changes in any environment.
5. What is meant by white box testing and what are its types?
This is a technique that includes selected test cases depending on an analysis of internal structures like branches coverage path coverage, code coverage, condition coverage, and many more. Generally, there are two types of white box testing – statement coverage and decision coverage.
6. What kind of verification is done by white box testing?
White box testing does the verification of –
- Broken or incomplete paths in code.
- Security holes are present in the code.
- Expected outputs.
- The flow of structure is as per the document specification.
- Conditional loops for checking the overall functionality of applications.
- Cover whole testing and line by line coding.
7. What is the meaning of mutation testing?
It is defined as a method to find out if a test data set or test case is still performing when different code changes or bugs are introduced intentionally. The results are compared with the original test data to find the presence of bugs.
8. Outline the difference between Retesting and Data Driven testing
Retesting is a procedure of finding the bugs and is done by the development team to verify that all are fixed. While Data Driven Testing is a process of testing applications on the ground of multiple test data. Different value sets are used for performing this test.
9. What are the components of Test Plans?
The Test Plan usually comprises of scope, features that are to be tested or not to be tested, test case identifier, test deliverables, staffing, training, responsibilities, test approach, and test strategy.
10 . What are the different types of test levels?
Test levels are classified into four main categories –
- Integration testing
- Acceptance testing
- System testing
- Unit/component/module/program testing
11. What do you understand by black box testing and what about their techniques?=
It is a kind of software testing meant for testing different software without the information of the code’s internal structure or program. This testing is performed to check on the functionality of applications. Some of the different black box techniques are –
- Cause-effect graphing
- Equivalence partitioning
- Boundary value analysis
12. Highlight the difference between validation and verification
Validation is defined as a method of evaluating software after the completion of the development phase. This helps in deciding whether the final product meets the expected requirements or not.
Verification is a procedure used for evaluation purposes of software during the development phase.
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Manual Testing Interview Questions And Answers For Experienced
1.Do you know the steps used for resolving the problems issued while testing?
There are generally three steps to deal with the issues.
- Record: Handling and logging the problems that occurred.
- Report: Reporting the problems and discuss with the higher level manager.
- Control: Describe the issue management procedure.
2. Explain the function of the software testing tool known as ‘phantom’
Phantom is available as freeware and ideal to be used for Windows GUI automation scripting language. Moreover, it also allows the users to control the windows and functionality automatically.
3. Tell us about ‘use case testing’
‘Use case’ is used for identifying and executing the functional needs of applications from start to finish.
4. How can you differentiate between test scripts, test cases, and test scenarios?
Test Script – A programming language is used for writing the test script and is used as a short program. It is widely used for testing a part of a software system’s functionality.
Test Cases – It is defined as a document comprises of numerous steps that need to be executed. Hence, it has to be planned properly beforehand.
Test Scenarios – It is a type of functionality that has to be tested.
5. Define different categories of debugging
Some of the debugging categories are –
- Cause elimination
- Fault free analysis
- Brute force debugging
- Backtracking
- Program slicing
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6. How can you execute Risk Analysis?
There are certain steps that are useful in doing Risk Analysis.
- Altering the risk properties.
- Searching for the risk score.
- Creating a risk database.
- Generating a profile for risk.
- Using the resources of test risk.
7. What are the reasons behind a project to get failed?
Some of the common causes of a project failure are –
- Lack of human resources.
- Insufficient budget.
- Time restriction
- The testing environment is not set appropriately.
8. What do you understand by test management review and what is its significance?
Also known as Software Quality Assurance, management review primarily emphasizes software procedure in spite of final products. It is available as a set of test activities that are specifically designed to ensure that the standard procedures are properly followed by a project manager.
9. Enlighten about the difference between traceability matrix and test matrix
The traceability matrix is about the mapping between customer needs and test cases. Whereas, a test matrix is highly used for capturing the plan, time, quality, effort, and resources needed to detain all steps of software testing.
10. What do you mean by latent defect?
A latent defect is present in the system as an existing defect that is not responsible for any kind of failure. It seems like the actual set of conditions has never been met before.
11. How can you explain the working of the test coverage tool?
The test coverage tool is implemented parallel to the testing of the actual product. This tool is mainly used for keeping a check on executed statements of source code. Once the final testing procedure gets completed, it is easy to get a whole report of pending statements as well as a coverage percentage.
12. What are the differences between testing tools and testing techniques?
Testing tools are explained as a vehicle to perform the test process and act as a tester. At the same time, it is also not sufficient to conduct tests.
Testing technique on the other hand is a process used for assuring that there are some aspects of unit functions or application system work properly.
13. What is meant by fault marking?
Fault masking is a method in which one defect hides the existence of other defects in the system.
14. What do you mean by test deliverables?
Test deliverables are explained as a set of tools, components, and documents which need to be maintained to support testing. Generally, there are various test deliverables available at every step of a software development cycle.
- During testing
- Before testing
- After testing
15. Fuzz testing – what do you understand about it and when to use it?
Fuzz t testing is a way to find out the presence of security loopholes as well as coding errors there in the software. In such a method, random data is introduced into the system with the purpose to crash the system. If still the problem exists, then the fuzz tester is ideal for locating the potential reasons. Therefore, it is widely used for detecting major faults in large projects.
16. Do you know about the ideal practices for software quality assurance?
For software quality assurance, there are some of the best practices mentioned –
- Documentation
- Metrics
- Experience with SQA auditors
- Continuous improvement
- Tool usage
- Responsibility by team members
17. Describe the meaning of bottom-up testing
According to experts, bottom-up testing is defined as an approach that leads to integration testing. In this, the lowest level units are tested initially and then move to higher ones. The process is continued till the component there at the top doesn’t get tested.
18. List the things that are required before making the selection of automation tools for AUT
Some of the common things needed for automation tools selection are –
- Complexity level
- Test data
- Re-usability of automated scripts
- Execution across an environment
- Application size
- Application stability
- Technical feasibility
19. In which scenario you can use Decision Table testing?
It is one of the testing methods used for systems where the specifications are used as rules. In the process, inputs are listed in one column while the remaining is combined to work as outputs.
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20. How you will define drivers and stubs in manual testing?
Stubs and drivers work together as a part of incremental testing. Its working is based on two approaches known as the bottom up and top down approaches. Bottom up testing makes use of drivers while stubs are used in the top down approach.
21. By when Requirement Traceability Matrix (RTM) is prepared?
RTM is usually prepared before the process of test case designing starts. It is important that the requirements should be noticeable from the review activities performed.
22. What are the differences between failure and defect in software testing?
A defect is defined as an internally resolved thing, but when it extends to the customers then it is known as a failure.
23. How can you remove the product risk in any project?
It is possible to remove the product risk by following some simple steps.
- Examine the required documents.
- Discussing the project with stakeholders such as developers.
- Working as a real user while using the website.
24. When is the time to stop the testing process?
The time period for testing is completely based on risks shown in the system being tested. Some of the criteria are based on which testing is stopped.
- Fall of bug rate below a level.
- Deadline of release and testing.
- Alpha or beta periods for the testing end.
- Test budget has been exhausted.
- Giving attention to code, functionality, or need is matched with a specified point.
- Test cases are accomplished to a certain percentage.
25. Describe the experience-based testing procedures
When it comes to experience-based technique, knowledge, background and skills of people play a major role to test cases and test conditions. Here, the experience of business and technical professionals equally matters because they bring their various perspectives regarding test design and analysis.
26. Tell how much testing is adequate for the project
The time period of testing completely depends on the contract, risk in the industry, and if there are special requirements.
27. Enlighten about the integration testing
Integration testing is defined as one of the levels of the software testing process. In this, individual units are combined together and tested. The testing is performed after the completion of functional and unit testing.
28. What is the definition of risk-based testing?
Risk-based testing is generally based on an approach to creating a test strategy. Here, the detailed risk analysis and prioritizing the risks.
These are some of the interview questions and answers associated with manual testing that have helped many contestants to crack the interview and secure their job in top-level companies. To learn the skills from industry experts check ProIT Academy.
